Antiochus IX Cyzicenus

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Antiochus IX Cyzicenus

116 BC – 96 BC
PredecessorAntiochus VIII Grypus
SuccessorSeleucus VI Epiphanes
Born 
Died96 BC
SpouseCleopatra IV
Cleopatra Selene of Syria
ChildrenAntiochus X Eusebes
FatherAntiochus VII Sidetes
MotherCleopatra Thea

His Story

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus: A Ruler’s Tale from the Hellenistic Period

The Hellenistic period, known for its rich tapestry of cultural and political changes, saw many rulers come and go, but few have stories as tumultuous as Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. His life was marked by civil war, familial strife, and a quest for power that ultimately led to his demise.

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, whose epithet ‘Cyzicenus’ denotes his connection to the city of Cyzicus, was a significant figure in the Seleucid Empire’s history. Born to Antiochus VII Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea, his early life was overshadowed by the death of his father and the political turmoil that ensued.

In 129 BC, following his father’s death, Antiochus IX was sent to Cyzicus, which later became part of his moniker. His return to Syria in 116 BC marked the beginning of a long and bitter struggle for the throne against his half-brother, Antiochus VIII Grypus. This conflict, which lasted for two decades, was not just a battle for control but also a reflection of the deep-seated divisions within the Seleucid dynasty.

The personal life of Antiochus IX was equally fraught with tragedy. His first marriage to Cleopatra IV ended with her violent death in 112 BC, allegedly at the hands of her sister Tryphaena, the wife of Antiochus VIII. This family feud added another layer of complexity to the ongoing civil war.

After the assassination of Antiochus VIII in 96 BC, Antiochus IX took control of the capital, Antioch, and married Cleopatra Selene, the widow of his rival and sister of his late wife. However, his reign was short-lived; he was killed in battle the same year by Seleucus VI Epiphanes, the son of Antiochus VIII.

Antiochus IX’s legacy is a testament to the era’s volatile political landscape. He is believed to have created the Iturean tetrarchy as an ally against Antiochus VIII, showcasing the intricate alliances and enmities that characterized the period.

The story of Antiochus IX Cyzicenus is a powerful reminder of the human dimension behind historical events. His life encapsulates the ambitions, conflicts, and tragedies that often accompany the pursuit of power. As we look back on his reign, we gain insight into the complexities of Hellenistic politics and the enduring impact of the Seleucid Empire’s rulers on history.

Coins in our Collection made under his rule:

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